Stokes Encyclopedia Of Music And Musicians Volume 1 - Pasta blanda

UNIVERSITY MUSICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA UNIVERSITY DICTIONARY OF MUSIC w MUSICIANS I. THK UNIVERSITY SOCIETY NKW VORK KAUI tXKKNY Mr m t t, ittfff ti AWU, IH vox HKN II i fti t -n STOKES, . f OF -- MUSIC AND MUSICIANS REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION COVERING THE ENTIRE PERIOD OF MUSICAL HISTORY FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE SEASON OF 1909-10 BY L. J. DEBEKKER VOLUME I NEW YORK FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY PUBLISHERS DEC3H94b COPYRIGHT, 1908, 1909, BY FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY PREFACE TO STOKES ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MUSIC AND MUSICIANS THIS book is intended to be a record of fact and not of opinion. It is a reference book to which one may turn for adequate informa tion on any matter connected with music or musicians. It is com prehensive, containing a wider variety and, it is believed, a greater number of topics than any other musical reference work. It in cludes, for example, definitions of musical terms simply expressed biographies of all musicians worthy of remembrance explana tions of the theory of music, without technicalities the stories of all the important operas, beside all the matters usually included in musical encyclopaedias. Because of the fact that English speaking people hear opera in every tongue but their own, the author has made a point of narrating as fully as possible stories of all operas which are generally sung or which are likely to become popular. In this respect the work has unusual value for the layman. Since special stress is laid on achievement, com plete lists of the works of the great composers are given. Even in the notes about obscure musicians the titles of some works are included. A list of books for further reading is given at the end of every important article.American and English musicians, so often neglected in works of this kind, are given their due proportion of space. Respect for the old masters of established reputation has not interfered with just treatment of the younger generation of French and Italians. For the first time in an English reference work special vi PREFACE articles are devoted to great national schools such as the Madrid and St. Petersburg Conservatories. In many matters the author has been compelled to compare, weigh, and analyze all opinions entitled to respect. Wherever he regards a fact as definitely settled he states it without dis cussion, but where it is impossible to reconcile divergent views he has presented both sides of the question. He has treated every subj ect in the light of the latest research, presenting mate rial about many subjects not heretofore treated in an encyclo paedia of music. It is hoped, therefore, that the work is thor oughly up to date for all purposes. In order to include hundreds of new subjects while giving ade quate treatment to the usual topics, it has been necessary to adopt some method of condensation. Abbreviations have been employed and such useless verbiage as the time and place of his death are a matter of dispute has been eliminated. In biographical accounts the name of the person is invariably followed by an active verb leading into that persons achievements. If the dates or other facts are unknown, they are omitted without comment. This book was written to meet the necessities of students and lovers of music, but it is hoped that professional musicians may find it helpful by reason of its simplicity, compactness, and thorough system of cross-referencing. Although no work ofthis kind can be wholly free from error, it is hoped that the efforts that have been made to insure accuracy of statement have been successful. The publishers will welcome the cooperation of all who detect errors, and will be most grateful for corrections or addenda that will make this encyclopaedia more accurate and complete. THE PUBUCSHEES. TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS Add, Address. Aiig. August. 6. Born. Bar. Baritone. Bro. Brother. Bros. Brothers. Co. Company. Con. Contralto. a 7 . Died. D, I. Doctor of Divinity. Dec. December. jT Tm Doctor of Music. Eng...